Thursday, March 28, 2013

Choctaw Villages Swanton


From Swanton, Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians, 1 the Sixtowns District Okla Hannali extended to certain neighbors, particularly Chickashawhay and Yowanni, and another body, the Kunshak or Cane Towns, centrally located, and early in the 18th century the location of the principal leadership of the nation also embraced the customs and differentiation noted among the Sixtown Villages. Regis De Roulliet gave these people the name Okla Chito, or Big People. These towns had a different dialect, as did the other two districts the Okla Falaya (Long People) and the Okla Tannap (The Other Party) (Cushman names this district Apa Opetat.). A part of the Sixtowns that sided with the English against the French was called Inglis Tamaha (English Town).

The following table is the Villages as given by Swanson2
Name
Meaning
Location
District
1784
Divisions don’t always match
Nashobawenya
Howling Wolf
Jasper County
Sixtown
Nashuba Huanya
Oskelagna
Yellow Cane
Probably Jasper
Sixtown
Usgue Lagana
Tala
Palmetto
S. Newton County
Sixtown
Tala
Siniasha
Sycamore Place
Unknown
Sixtown
Seniacha
Boktoloksi
Little two streams
Boguetuluski Creek
Off Chickashawhay
Sixtown


Cousanna/Tousanna
None Given
Unknown
Sixtown


Inglis Tamaha
English City
NE part Jasper
Probably same as
Cousanna


Yngles
Tamaha
Chickasawhay
None Given
Clarke Co, 3 miles
From Enterprise
Southern
Chicachae
Yowani
Junebug
East side Chickashaway Wayne county
Southern
Yanni
Talapokta
Palmetto (where two bayous) unite
Jasper County
Southern
Taulepa
Chiskilikbacha
Blackjacks in a row
Probably Jasper
Southern
Escalibacha
Puskustakali
Child hanging
Sw Kemper
Southern
Puscus Tacale
Bissasha
Blackberry/Mulberry
Place
Newton Co., west side of LR Creek
Southern
Beacha
Otak Chito Tamaha
Big Prairie Town
Unknown
Southern
Octa Chito
Otak Chinakbi
Crooked Prairie
Garlandville, Jasper county
Southern


Bishkun
None given
Jasper county
Southern
Bisconne
Oka Taleya
Water Spreading
East Smith County
Southern












Coatraw
Perhaps this is Tala
Sw of Newton, Newton County
Southern


Sakti Tamaha
Bluff Town
Unknown
Southern
Sacte Tamaha
Itchechana
? Notched Stick
Unknown
Southern
Ite Chana
Shumotakali
Moss Hanging
Unknown
Southern
Cheman Tacante
Tinshinkla
Blue Jay
Unknown
Southern
Tinsca Itla
Chucafalaya
Longhouse
Unknown
Southern
Chuca Falaya
Ouiacha
Not clear
Unknown
Southern
Ouiacha
Osapa Chito
Big Field
Unknown
Southern
Ozapachito
Kunshak (Coosa/Kunsa)
Cane Brake
Losthorse Creek, Lauderdale Co.
Central


Kunshak Chito
Big Cane Town
Near upper Oktibehha Cr, Kemper Co
Central


Kunshak Bolukta
Round cane break
Sw Kemper, near Lauderdale and Neshoba
Central
Concha Bulucta
Kunshak /Oka Lusa
Black Water
Whites Br. Kemper County
Central
Oqueluza
Bokfalaia
Long Creek
Unknown
Central/western
Buflaya
Iyanabi
Ironwood
Yannubbee Creek, Dekalb, Kemper Co
Central/western
Yanahe
Koweh Chito/ mentions Panther
A great league
Nw Dekalb, Kemper Co
Central/western


Boktuklo
Two creeks
Unknown
Central
Buctuclo
Boktuklo chito
Two big creeks
Running tiger
Koi Yanalli
Nw of Dekalb at confluence of Running tiger and Sukenatcha Creek
Central


Lukfata
Chalk/white clay
Headwaters of prong of Sukenatcha Creek
Central
Lucfeata
Skanapa
Unfortunate ones
Prob. On running tiger creek, Kemper
Central


West Kunshak Chito
West big cane town
Neshoba near headwaters of Oktibehha Cr
Western


Abissa
Village of Mulberries
Unknown
Western
Bezahacha
Yazoo, West Yazoo
None
Near headwaters of Oktibehha Creek, Neshoba County
Western
Yasu
Imoklasha
There people are there
Headwaters of Talasha Cr, Neshoba
Western
Mongulacha
Kashtasha
Place of fleas
S side of custusha Cr, s of W. Yazoo Town
Western


Kafitalaia
Sassafras Thicket
On owl Cr, Neshoba
Western
Café talaya
West Abeka
Unhealthy place
Unknown
Western


Utapacha
Rows of chestnut trees
Unknown
Western


Osapa chito
Big cornfield
Site of Dixon, Neshoba County
Western
Ozapa chito
Okehanea Tamaha
Uncertain
Unknown
Western


Osak Talaia
Hickory grove
Near line between Neshoba and Kemper
Western
ochactalaya
Chunkey
Perhaps referring to game
Site of Union, Newton Co.
Western
Chanke
Chunky Chito
Big Chunkey
West bank of Chunkey Cr,
Western/sixtown


Itichipota
Little Tress
Between headwaters of Tombigbee and Chickasawhay
Western
Etuc Cambule?
Bok Chito
Big Creek
Probably on Bogue Chitto Neshoba and Kemper counties
Western


Atlantchito


Unknown
Western


Hashuk Chuka
Grass hut
Unknown
Western
Achonchuba?
Bokfoka
Near the creek
Unknown
Western
Bucpica or Bucjuca
Tiwaele
Land abounding in squirrels, subsidiary of hokfoka
Unknown
Western


Oklabalabaha
People talking unintelligibley
Unknown
Western


Oka hullo
Sacred water
Prob near Sanotee Cr, Kemper
Western


Otuk Falaia


Unknown
Western


Hashuk Homa
Red grass
Unknown
Western


Okla Tanap
War people
Unknown
Western


Oni Talemon
Where the wild onions are
So of Pickney Mill, Newton
Western
Uni
Oka Kapassa
Cold water
Abt at Pickney Mill, Newton
Western


Shinuk Kaha
Lying in sand
NE of Philadelphia, Newton
Western
Chenucaha
Oka Coopoly
Uncertain
On Ocobly Creek Neshoba
Western
Oguecuple
Halunlawi Asha
Bullfrog place
Site of Philadelphia, Neshoba
Western
Olan Luacha
Lushapa
Perhaps Lunsalaka
Perhaps on Lunsalaka Cr, Neshoba
Western


Oka Chippo
Perhaps water run down
Unknown
Western


Konshak Osapa
Canebreak field
Somewhere w of west imoklasha
Western


Tonicahaw


Unknown
Western


Cabea Hoola


Unknown
Western


Okapoola


Unknown
Western


Wiatakali
Hanging loft
South of Dekalb and Jackson Rd, Neshoba
Western


Fan Yakni
Squirrel country
Unknown
Western


Shinuk Chuckilissa
Deserted sand
Unk
Western


Nita Asha
Bears Home
Abandoned 1702
Western


Ite Ousano
Hard wood
Unknown
Western


Kinte Oke
Water where there are beavers
Unknown
Western


Nusi kon chito
Big alcorns
Unknown
Western


Okhata Talaia
Spreading pond
Conehatta district of Newton county, s 11 t 7e
Western


Holihta Asha
Fort Place
Dekalb, Kemper
Eastern
Olanluacha
Chicatalya


Unknown
Eastern


East Abeka
Unhealthy place
Junction straight creek with Sukenatcha, Kemper
Eastern
Abeca
Ibetap Okla iskitini
Little source people
Head of main prong Yazoo Cr, Kemper
Eastern
Ebitabuguluchi
Kunshak Tikpi
Canebrake knob
Coonshark Cr, Neshoba
Eastern


Itokchako
Green wood
Near east abeka, Kemper
Eastern
Ite Ochaco
Osap Issa
Abandoned field
N side of Black River, kemper
Eastern


Yazoo Iskitini
Little Yazoo
Both sides yazoo Cr.,
Eastern
Yassu?
Ibetap Okla chito
Big source people
Perhaps on straight creek, Kemper
Eastern
Ebitbugula
Imoklasha iskitini
Little band of relations
Flat cr, East prong of Yazoo, Kemper
Eastern
Mongulacha Esquitini
Pachanucha
Where pigeons sleep
Unknown
Eastern


Athlepele
Perhaps alipilla
Unknown
Eastern


Chuka Lusa
Black House
Unknown
Eastern


Hankha ula
Wild goose crying
Between petickfa and blackwater creeks, Kemper
Eastern
Ankkaula
East Kunshak Chito
East big cane brake
Near Moscow, Kemper
Eastern
Coucha
Shumotakali #2
Moss Hanging
Kemper Co between head prongs Blackwater Cr
Eastern


Watanlula
Whooping Crane
Unknown
Eastern


Pante, from pinti
White rats around the prairie
Head of Ponta Cr., Lauderdale
Eastern


Cutha Aimethaw


Unknown
Eastern


Oka Altakala
Prob between waters
Prob confluence of petickfa and yannubbe Cr, Kemper
Eastern


Nushkubo


Perhaps on or near Petikfa cr, Kemper
Eastern


Chuka Hullo #2
Sacred house
On N side Sukenatcha cr, near running tiger and straight creek, Kemper
Eastern


Cuthi Ukehaca


On or Near Parkers creek, empties into Petikfa, Kemper
Eastern


Yanatoe


Prob sw kemper co
Eastern


Alamucha


10 m from Sukenatcha Cr, kemper
Eastern


Thicacho oulasta,
Perhaps Chi-
 cacha oulasita


Unknown


Ahipata bita Brugoula


Abandoned 1748
Unknown



Tabogoula






Unknown


Cha'ta tascanan gouchy




Unknown


Choutoua togoule




Unknown


Teeakhaily ekutapa
Standing pine
On lower Tombigbee
Not given


Chisha foka
Among the post oaks
Jackson MS
Not given


Shukhata
Opossum
Columbus, Alabama
Not given














Many of these towns were extinct by the time of the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. Probably in no small part due to the land cessions in previous treaties. As a result we see communities living on the Oxnubbe (Noxunnubbe), Yalobusha, Tombigbee and Pearl Rivers, most of these not named on the above list. We also see a larger portion living in what will become Washington, Sumter and Choctaw counties Alabama, but only one town is named in Alabama on the above list. It is useful however in understanding some of the key areas still in use during removal.

The Moeties as given by Swanton are the Beloved People, innholunta, being the beloved people, and the immoklushas, which Swanton takes as a term for leader, and the Kashap Okla, the divided people. A trivial note in 1772 by a British officers gives an example, Concha Oumanstabe, a Choctaw Chief was of the Immoklusha Clan, or the Peaceful family of the Chickasawhay village. 3 For moieties (corrected forms from Swanton in parenthesis) we have the following information there being for the Innholunta the Chufa (Chafa) iska, Iskulani,(iskitini), Chito and Shakchukia (Shakichuma), and for the immoklushas, the Kushiska (Kunsha), Lawokla (Luae Okla) , Lulak (tulak) Iska, and Linoklusha. (Itimoklusha)4 This certainly seems to be more indicative of the early smaller tribes who confederated into the Choctaw nation to me.

 Swanton goes on to say
In fact these local groups seem to have been of all sizes and grades of importance, and were probably frequently increased by subdivision or the incorporation of foreign elements and decreased by the dying out of older iksas. At the present day it is impossible to make anything like a complete list of iksas, and I do not feel sure that the names which I give are all properly used in this connection. They are the following: Bok Chito, " Big Stream," on the stream so called (Bogue Chitto), which flows into Pearl River near its head, the only iksa to remain aloof from missionary teachings; Biasha, " Mulberry place," still living a few miles west of Philadelphia, Miss.; Okla hånnali, " Sixtowns," in and about Jasper County, Miss.; Okla untuklo, " Seven towns," near Hays, about 23 miles southwest of Philadelphia; Yåkan-okåni, "Land Creek," just west of Carthage, in Leake County, Miss.; Haiyip atokola, "Second lake," or "Two lakes," in the northeastern part of the old Mississippi territory. Chikashahe, " Chickasaw potato(?)," said by one informant to have been east of Mashulaville, but anciently, at all events, on the headwaters of the Chiclcasa whay River; Kunshak, " reedbrake people" (though by one informant affirmed to have been the name of a bird found in the reedbrakes), said to have been north of Mashulaville, but anciently much farther south; Okla falaia, " long people," according to some Mississippi Choctaw about 16 miles north of Philadelphia, according to others near Harperville in Scott County; 80 Spani okla, " Spanish people," 25 to 40 miles east of Jackson, Miss.; Obåla chaha iksa, along Turkey Creek, in the northeastern part of Scott County and the southeastern part of Neshoba; Koe chito, "Panther," not located; Bok falaia, " Long Creek," not located; and Yanabe, Yashu, Abeka, Lukfata, and Haiyowani, which were also names of well-known Choctaw towns and may easily be located. Mr. Bushnell adds the Shunkwane ogla (Shunkåni okla), "Ant people," and Cushman, as we have seen, speaks of one known as Apela, " to help," " to assist." Gatschet mentions a few groups besides which may belong in this category, Cofetaláya, " quail are there Pineshuk Indians, "on a branch of Pearl River, in Winston County," the name perhaps transposed from " pishånnuk," the bass or linden tree; Sukinatchi or " Factory Indians," in Kemper County; the Cobb Indians, called after their leader, Colonel Cobb, but also known as Hopahka Indians; and the Shuqualak, in Noxubee County. Simpson Tubby spoke of a band in the Sixtown country called Tåshka himmita. Some of these may have been temporary or town groups instead of true iksa, and it is difficult to find out where the application of the term iksa begins or ends. Sometimes it seems to have been identical with a town, sometimes it appears to have embraced several towns, but more often I believe that each town was composed of several iksa 5
6

Thus strengthening my belief that you have in fact a three prong system (the Iska was the exogamous portion). The Moeity divisions, explained by Galloway as the older and younger people, the Iskas, the tribe of origin, and then lastly the Clan, also called Iska that represents in a great part regions where they lived. It is subjective, but I am of the mind that the marriage was most likely in relationship to the original tribe first and foremost, so when one was of the Kunshak Iska, it really meant they were from the people that originally settled the Kunsha area of the Central District given in the listing above. The Okla Hannalli, or Six towns may in fact be relatives of this group, as may the Yanni and Chickasawhay who are often associated with this grouping. I find it interesting that Swanton assigns Kunsha in 1784 to East Kunsha when in fact the actual village of Kunsha may have been the location, especially given the treaty of 1803 and 1802. I also noticed in the 1784 some of the names seemed to resemble the names of some of the towns. I wonder if given the newness of the Confederation, if the association with their town was part of their name? The practice surely changed by the nineteenth century.
1 1 John R. Swanton, Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931)55-57 ,Questia, Web, 24 May 2010
2 1 John R. Swanton, Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931) 59-67,Questia, Web, 24 May 2010
3 John R. Swanton, Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931) 76-78,Questia, Web, 24 May 2010.
4  John R. Swanton, Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931) 79-80,Questia, Web, 24 May 2010.
5 John R. Swanton, Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931) 81-82,Questia, Web, 24 May 2010.
6 John R. Swanton, Source Material for the Social and Ceremonial Life of the Choctaw Indians (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1931) 81,Questia, Web, 24 May 2010.

18th Century Choctaw Chiefs and Villages


1784 Spanish Treaty

Note
SH is often CH
N is often nasal sound,
SG and GN, often replace the ck or sk sounds in Choctaw

I haven’t figured out the equivalent to Estuna Yet…. There is tima or tona are likey the correct version, it’s possible the Spanish added sounds just as they drop off letters. Additonally Choctaws contract words together but the rules aren’t universal. This is at best a guess.

Huma/Homa are the same thing and mean red

Villages Southern or Central/SixTowns Oklahannalli
Usguelagana= Oskelagna (I believe this is the place where the Chief of the nation resided)
Aya Estanagui (Aya istanaksi ) Principal Chief of the Choctaw Nation of the village of Usguelagana
Mesticho Large Medal Chief
Mingo Tabasa , Small Medal Chiefs **I think this is Mingo Tobaca**
Ochinohahuma
Naguestuna = Nacki tona?
Cachuni Mastape = Kanchi Mastubee?
Puchi huma = Pushi Huma
Tamaobe, Captains
Mingo Talaya = Mingo
Panchi Mantla = Panshi/Punshi
Imaabe= Im? ubi
Puchi huma Chito = Pushi Huma Chito
Clatala huma = Oclacta Huma
Chicachi Nantla =Chickashi Oclacta?
Cachuma Ecabe Cachuma abi?
Nahu Mastabe = Nahollo Mastubbe most likey
Canelechabe Cunnoalo abi
Puchi Mastabe= Pushi Mastabe
Oechanyi Mastabe=

Village of Sacte Tamaha = Sakti Tamaha
Ulbalent, captain


Village of Ite Chama = Itchechana
Chicacha Huma, Small Medal Chief = Chickasha Huma

Village of Chemon Tacante = Shumotakali
Tiupoye, Captains
Aseta Huma

Tinsielta = Tinshinkla
Pucha Huma, Small Medal Chief = Pusha Huma
Tote Huma, Captain Toote Homa

Not named/ Unclear
Puchi Huacaya, Large Medal Chief
Eyahci Humo, Small Medal Chief
Cachuni Mastabe, Captain

Chuca Talaya= Chucafalaya
Atona Upay, Capt = Hatona Hopaii?

Beacha ? Swanton/Halbert have this as Bissacha
Utaccta Huma, Large Medal Chief

Octachito = Otak Chito Tamaha
Tichu Mastabe, Small Medal Chief =Tisho Mastubbe
Nahu Mastabe, Captains = Nahollo Mastubbe
Puchi Mataha = Pushi Mataha
Totepana = Toote Pana

Yagne Achucuma = Yackni Achuchuma (Good Land)not in Halbert/swanson’s list
Cayabe, Capt

Octue Chanacbe = Octak Chinakabe
Mingo Homo Astabe, Large Medal Chief
Puchi Huma Chita, Small medal Chief
OcchaNace Huma, Captain = Okshaki Homa?

Occylata = Ocatalaya
Chuculacta, Small Medal Chief= Chocco Olacta
Chulus mastabe, Captains = Chulo Mastubbee
Estuna Huma= Stona? Huma

Oviacha= Ouiacha
Puchi Estuna Huma, Large Medal Chief= Pushi stona Huma
Cachuna Anchabe, Small Medal Chief
Alpatak Huma, Captain
Puchi Huma = Pushi Huma

Puscustacale= Puscustakali
Chico Pahuma, Small Medal Chiefs ? Little Payhuma?
Tupa Huma Chito = Tuppa Huma Chito
Tenite Huma, Captains
Cuata Huma
Tapina Huma Chito = Tappenya Huma Chito

Concha Bulak = Kunsha Bolukta
Asita Huma, now chief of Small Medal


Six Towns (named specifically as part of )
Chickashaway = Chickashaway
Puchi Mataha, Chief of the Large Medal, = Pushi Mataha
Ilepatapo, Small Medal Chiefs
Itelegana = Iteleskana?
Tusca Nansuchihuma = Tusca Nansuchi Huma
Tascullabe, Captains =Tusca/Tasca abi
Mingo Huma = Mingo Huma
Mingo Puscus Hastabe= Mingo Pus Cus Ubi (Astabi)
Mingo Mastabe = Mingo Mastabe
Tasgne Mataha = Taski/Tuski Mataha
Panchi Mastabe = Panchi/Pushi Mastabe
Chuca Astabe = Choca abi
Chalita Huma= Chillitah Huma
Olacta Huma – Olacta (immolacta) Huma

Yanni = Yowani
Mingo Mastabe, Large Medal Chief = Mingo Mastabe
Nacuma Acho, Small Medal Chiefs =? Naholla Huma Hacho
Totambe
Contanas Estabe, Captains
Pacima
Puchambe
Ayachi Huma= Hachi Huma


Escalibacha = Chiskilikbacha
Nachoha Mingo Chito, Large Medal
Usculahuma, Small medal Chief Chuskula Huma
Ochincha Huma, Captains
Chicache Huma
Tamaha Mastabe
Tasqui Etoca Taski Atoka
Cheleta Ambe Chellita ubi?

Nachunubahuanya = Neshoba Wenya
Puchi Mataha, large medal chief
Puchachabe, Captains
Occhanacho
Puchi Estanabe
Chape Estanabe
Puchi Huma
Espana Huma (Red Spain??)


Tamaha= English Tamaha
Tasa Hamanstabe, Large Medal Chief =Tasca Homomastubbee?
Achon Huma, Small Medal Chiefs
Tasca Huma = Tasca Huma
Conche Huma, Captains =Kunshak Huma
Tenete Huma
Canalechabe

Seniacha = Seniasha
Chapa Huma Talay, Large Medal Chief Shappa Huma Tala?
Chuca Olacta, Small Medal Chief
Tuton Chave, Captains
Occhlita Huma =Oklita Huma
Olita Astabe


Taulepo = Talepokta
Tacho Acho,

Villages Small Part (Eastern)
Janabe = Iyanabe
Upa Hulu, Large Medal Chief
Chuca Tastabe, Small Medal Chief
Illacta Opaye, Captains Olacta Hopaii
Alpatec Huma


Noscobo = ? Nusi con Chito
Tatuli Mastabe, Capt

Ebita Bagula = Ibetap Okla Chitto
Tusca Patapp, Large Medal Chief
Puchi Mastabe, Small Medal Chief
Nahulubbe, Captains Nahollo Lubbee
Espana Huma
Ticho Opaye Ticho Hopaii

Ebita Bugalashi = Ibetap Okla Iskitini
Chuco Olacta, Large Medal Chief
Pucha Huma, Captain

Tombigbee = village on the Tombigbee but where?not on Halbert/Swanton’s list
Tatula Mataha, Captain **

Mongulacha = Imoklasha Iskitini?
Tiopayi Acho, Small Medal Chief Tio Hopai Acho
Tuba Mastabe, Captain

Olitacha= Holitha Asha
Esquelani Paye mingo, Small Medal Chief = Iskalani Pai Mingo
Unanchiabe, Captains
Tiapuye
Nantla

Abecca = East Abeca
Chulis Mastabe, Small Medal Chief
Tichu Olacta, Captains Tisho Olacta
Tasgui Mataha Taski Mataha
Tichu Mingo Tisho Mingo

Achonchuba = ? Swanton lists this as Hashuk Chuka (western) I don’t know if I agree
Olacte nantla, Small Medal Chiefs
Chuaste nantla
Chacaye Buctucli, Captains Chakaya Boktokli
Yatalahuma Atala Homa

Ankhaila = Hankha Ula
Nahula Mastube, Large Medal Chief Nahollo Mastubbee
Puchanchabe, Small Medal Chief Puckanshabi
Moyuehi, Captain

Yteochaco = Itokchako
Tanapuma, Captain Tanapy Homa

Lucfecta = Lukfakta
Puchoneabe, Captain =Pushanubbee?

Buefalaya = Bokfalaya
Anchana Huma, Captains
Chelita Huma Chelittah Huma

Yasu = East Yazoo
Mingo Pus Cus Large Medal Chief
Paye Mataha, Captains Paye Mataha
Elmon Nachabe
Chica Mastabe

Concha = Kunshak, Oka Lusa, Pante, and Chemifalaya (Shumotakali?)
Note *Concha also in the name of Okalusa, Chemon Tale, and Pante*
Mingo Pus Cus, Large medal Chiefs
Pucha Huma Chito
Yanni Mingui Mastabe, Small Medal Chiefs
Mingo Olizo
Unachabe, Captains
Puchi Mastabe
Nopala Huma
Paye Emta


Villages Large Part (Western)
Ozapachito = Osapa Chito
Tasca Hupa, Large Medal Chiefs
Achufale
Puchanchabe, Small Medal Chief
Hupatabe, Captains
El Colabe
Aenchabe
Chintabe
Occhalintabe
Lavutannube

Alnonlavacha= Haluwani Asha
Franchiamastabbe, Large Medal Chief
Caluchapo, Captains
Ogula Taclabe

Ogueenple = Oka Coopoly
Nuckpala Huma, Captian

Chenucaha = Shinuk Kaha
Aseta Huma, Large Medal Chief
Chack Huma, Captain Shaki Huma?

Cafelaya = Kafitalaia
Tupa Huma, Large Medal Chief
Anchaha Huma, Captain

Mongulachi = Imoklashi
Puchi Hupaye, Large Medal Chief = Pushi Hopaii
Altala Huma Chito, Small Medal Chief Altala Huma Chito
Ontaclabe, Captains
Oqueletenlabe
Meantabe
Payo Chito
Eyapo Astabe
Atona Huma
Eleth Luabe

Chambule = Cabea Hoola? Halbert/Swanton has this as Itichipota
Chafaeoecha Nia, Captain

Yassa = Yazoo
Tascapilaheho, Large Medal Chief Tasca
Atona Opaye, Captains =Hatona Hopaii?
Chucabe
Olacta Acho

Castacha = Kash Tasha
Nanhulu Mastabe, Small Medal Chief = Nahollo Mastubbee

Ochaetalaya = Osak Talaya
Oyopa Huma, Small Medal Chief = Probably Hopaii Huma
Tasca nanguchi, Captain

Bezzacha = Halbert has this as Abissa
Pahuma, Small Medal Chief = Peyhuma
Pachi Mastubbe, Captain = Pushi Mastabe

Chanke = Chunky
Ebacae Atabe, Small Medal Chief =

Uni = Oni Talemon
Tache mastabe, Small Medal Chief = Taski Mastabe?
Puchi Huma, Captain = Pushi Huma


Differences in Locations from Spanish Treaty to locations placed by Halbert and Swanton

I certainly think that part of the central/sixtown or southern district had some fluidity in it’s allegiance between 1784 and 1830. Add to this the loss of land, and the migration of the villages further north after the early treaties, and I think that some of the areas may have been correct in both accounts. Also, we see the Choctaw use the same names for places in the new territory (Oklahoma) that they used in the old, so it’s possible that as a village moved, the name remained the same. We know that in almost all treaties, Six Towns always had a representative (for example Red Fort), that signed for the Six Towns, despite the fact they technically had a district chief. We definitely see an independence with the Six Town and the Sukenatcha (Little Leader’s) bands in later years.

Six Town Villages
Nashobawenya, Oseklagna, Tala, Siniasha, Boktolski, and Cousanna

Southern Villages
Inglis Yamaha (not specified), Chickashaway, Yowanni, Talapokta, Chiskililbacha, Puskusitali, Bissacha, Otak Chito Tamaha, Otak Chinakbi, Bishkun, Oka Talaya, Coatraw, Sakti Tamaha, Itchetana, Shumotakali, Tinshinkla, Chucafalaya, Ouiacha, Osapa Chito,

Central Villages
Kunshak, Kunshak Chito, Kunshak Bolukta, Kunshak/Oka Lusa, Boktuklo, Boktuklo Chito, Lukfata, Skanapa

Central/Western Villages
Bokfalaya, Iyanabi, Kowey Chito/Panther (?Pante)

Western Villages
Abissa. Yazoo/West Yazoo, Imoklasha, Kashtasha, Kafitalaia, West Abeka, Osapa Chito, Okehanea Tamaha, Osak Talaia, Chunkey, Chunkey Chito, Itichipota, Bok Chito, Atlantchito, Hashuk Chuka, Bokfoka, Tiwaele, Oklabalabaha, Oka Hullo, Otuk Falaia, Oni Talemon, Oka Kapassa, Shinuk Kaha, Halunlawi Asha, Lushapa, Oka Chippo, Konshak Osapa, Tonicahaw, Cabea Hoola, Okapoola, Wiatakali, Fan Yackni, Shinuk Chikilissi, Nita Asha, Ite Ousano, Nusi kon Chito, Okhata Talaia

Eastern Villages
Holihta Asha, Chicatalaya, East Abeka, Ibetap Okla Iskitini, Kunshak Tikpi, Itokchako, Osap Issa, Yazoo Iskitini, Ibetap Okla Chito, Imoklasha Iskitini, Pachanucha, Athlepele, Hankha ula, East Kunshak Chito, Shumotakali #2, Watanlula, Pante, Cutha Aimethaw, Oka Atakala, Nushkubo, Chuko Hullo #2, Yanatoe, Alamucha,

Unknown locations * Some of these are Spanish names of Choctaw words*
Thicasha Oulasta,, Ahipata bita brugola, Tabogoula, Chata Tascanan gouchy, Teekhaily ekutapa, Choutou togoule, Chisha Foka, Shukhata

This and That - Notes from Historical Resources


This and That

Pushmataha A Choctaw Leader and His people, Gideon Linceucum with an introduction by Greg O’Brien, The University of Alabama Press, 2004. p. 96

General Hlikooohlo (Hummingbird)
Captain Nashobanowa (walking wolf)
Peachlichiskitinia (Little Leader) (Should be Hopaii Iskitinis)
Mushulatubbe’s mouthpiece Eyahoatubi
p. 100 says Pushmataha born 2 miles above Macon on Noxunnubbee on East Bank (personally think this is rubbish)

American State Papers, Indian Affairs Volume one..
Treaty of 1801
Oak Chume “Uncle great chief recently died” , (Franchimastubbee had died, so had Taboca?)…Of Western Division (upper towns)
Tuskona Hopaii (lower towns)
Toote Homa (lower towns)
Mingo Poos Coos of Chickasaw half town (also Kunsha)
Puck Shum Ubbee of Upper towns (Apuck shun Nubbee)
Elautauholoo homma No district
Buckshunubbee “old factor” next day, IS THIS APUCK???
Mingo Homo Mastubby
Hoche Homo (Haschi Homa?)… was at Hopewell
Shappa Homa ? was at 1792/3
Edmond Folsom
Robert McClure

1792 American Treaty
Great medal chiefs
Ileopoenautlau (Shot in the mouth)
Itlehomomastubbe (Red wood)
Pia Mastubbbee
Small Medal Chiefs
Piahoomah
Hooletenah
Tunnatheomah
Chillashoemastubbee (Red Shoes)
Capts
Nootoolemastabbe
Taskaastubbee (Taschimastubbee)
Oaklateloemastimastubbee (Oklataloma Imastubbee?)
Ohephamby
Emaalubby
Tootehoomah
Ocakoah
Fannemecastabbee
Shepahoomak
Kooshehoomaleader,
George James, son of Ben
Oshapoiah
Uskenasopoaih
Olaquetalay
Uskonopoaih, the old chief

The Choctaw before Removal, (Essays) Edited by Carolyn Fuller Reeves, University Press of Mississippi, 1985

Patricia Galloway, the civil war 1746-1750 chapter 6
Some Notes
Destroyed villages 1751, Kunsha Chitto, Nushkobo ? and West Abeka
French.,.. “local staf”
Mingo
Tisho Mingo…master of ceremonies
Taskanongouchi, speaker
Soulouche oumastabe (red shoe killer) sometimes seen as Mingo Ouma
Hopaii Mingo, and variations, Prophet chief, (pahemingo, Paemingo, opayemingo)
Fani Mingo, seen so frequently must be titile
Red and white leaders likely moieties

Western with alliances externally with the Chakchiuma and Chickasaw, Eastern with the Alabama, and the Six towns, including Chickasawhay and Yowani, possibly with the small coastal tribes and Choctaw related tribes of the Mobile River.

No evidence moieties weren’t equally distributed, but in at least the war, the leading men of the eastern and western divisions were members of opposite moeties. (Supposed to be scattered throughout, no explanation on why this is).
By 1732 there are five great medal chiefs, and later refer to 6. At start of civil war, the medals were held by an Eastern Chief, Western Chief, Kunsha Chief, Chickasawhay Chief with authority over 6 towns, a Supreme Chief( created and ineffectual) and War chief (actual position within the tribe). Blood revenge had always been external, never internal until this war.
French pressed Choctaw into war 1729 when Natchez killed entire fort, then again in 1736 and in 1739-1740…
French had missionary post near the southern border in 1728 and Fort Tombecbe as a supply base in 1736.

French saw Choctaws ties with Britain as a threat, but they never had a good “supply” of goods, the British, too far to do sole trade saw this as a way to annoy the French.
Chickasaws were involved as well..
Red Shoes…note “the red shoes’ was living in Kunsha chitto…presumably served as speaker for the supreme chief. 1731 became known, he was solidly aligned with the English. Faction consisted of members of his family or race, (?moety)), which included the red shoes of Cushtusha Village. He was in western division, he would attack the Chickasaw to get French presents, then treat with them to get English presents.

Alibamon Mingo, of Kunsha was allied with the French mainly after 1736., He was Inhunlataha whereas Red Shoes was Imoklasha…

Another chief, died in 1746 was Chooucoulacta , War chief of Choctaw Nation in 1739, o f Inhunlatah moiety , had more weight than either of the other two, controlled 10 villages near Fort Tombecbe, and was closely allied until his death with Alibamon Mingo.

An Ally of Red shoes was Mougoulasha Mingo of Chickashaway with authority over six towns, obtained about 1741, resented French. Was of Imoklasha moety.

1743 French want Choctaw to war with Chickasaw as the latter won’t force English out…

Request Choucouloulacta and Toupaoumastabe (war chief of Kunsha and brother to Alibamon Mingo)

July 20 Red shoes had killed some Chikcasaws, but then at Yanabe persuades the village to seek English trade. Sent an embassy of his son in law and two brothers in law (possibly one Mongloulacha Mingo) to negotiate with the Chieckasaws.
At Oni village full support of Alibamon Mingo was secured…Chickasaws addressed Choctaws in August at Boktuklo chitto, only opposition was Oni and Kunsha villages.

September French sent goods to Kunsha Chitto, Kunsha, Yazoo and Boktuklo Chitto. Alibamon Mingo’s subchiefs were Tooupaoumastabe and offemeko, Red Shoews brouthe was Tatoulimataha of Little Wood.
By October two English traders were killed, and two Frenchmen were accused of rape. In December, a Choctaw woman from Cushtusha and Imayatabes nephew came to trade with the Chickasaw a (for English goods) and free Choctaw prisoners. In 1746 medals/presents in Mobile, Redshoe and Mongoulacha Mingo did not appear. Redshoes sent Imataha Pouschouche, his “brother to the English…that April…

Redshoes needed Chickasaw peace to have English trade, and he had lost his French medal. Choucoulacta was raiding the Chickasaws still (* guess he wasn’t dead yet). So Redshoes decided with Apekimataha of West Abeka and Opayechitto of Immongoulacha to kill three French men… Petit, Replinque, and De Verbois. The French demanded three Choctaws be killed in exchange for the French traders. *** up till this time this had NEVER been a thing to be done inside the Choctaw nation only externally***

October 1745… meeting of the Mingos
Mongoulacha Mingo, anti French (believed French were going to give his medal toe a Red chief (other moety)…
Captain of Immongoulaca and the taskanancouchi of Yowani were pro French
Mingo Ouma urged Choctaw resolve this them selves…
Abihka rejected an alliance with Red Shoes…
Alibamon Mingo urged they follow French demands,
Toupaiumastabe and Ouikanabe Mingo, also from Kunsha argued that this should be done by the Western division.
Taskanangouchi of Blue Wood (** which village is this) urged deliberation
Taskanangouchi of yazoo supported Alibamon Mingo who had taken over the Eastern division
Chief of Yello canes and Nachoubaoeynya were pro French
Chief of Tala, Mingo Ouma of Nachobaoenya, Imataha Pouscouche fanimingo Tchaa of Senechaand the chiefs of Buktoolooctsi and Toussana and Pushimatha of Toussana argued that taking the side of the French meant a civil war. …the last Pushumatha of Toussana stated six towns would not join in a vcivil war but would fight the Chickasaw.

French recognized supreme chief was from Oulitacha in eastern division, he along with a Chief of chichatalaya and Imataha Mingo of Ibitoupougoula were pro French. Imatha Mingo did oppose civil war.

Paemingo of Cushtusha while trading at fort said he would kill Redshoes along with Taskaoumingo of bokfucka, Pushumataha of Toussana, Illetaska of Immongoulasha, and Tatoulimataha of Little Wood, Red shoe’s “elder brother”
Hmm…Tatoulimataha said he couldn’t kill redshoes because of such a close relation, and it should be done by the Abihka or Talapoosa…?

???..sounds like they still considered them “non Choctaw” though the Abeka villages were in the nation….also mentioned an Alabaman chief whose son was the nephew of a choctaw…confusing…

From Choctaws in a Revolutionary age Dr. Greg O'brien

Mingo Pus Coos..nephew Nanoulamatabe (Nahullo Mastabbee)…
Sons of Taboca..Taniahuma, Onon Chaabe and Tasca Humasto…
Also another nephew was Stonahoma…

Oakchume was somehow a relative of Taboca or Franchimastubbee, mentions “great chief just dying” Taboca’s absence in records suggests he died by 1801.

Read through Kinnard's "Spain in Mississippi" 1945, here are some of the gleaning's I got from this work, comments are in parenthesis (notes taken while reading, sorry about the grammar)

October 27, 1787...
Four americans arrived with a woman, (they traveled with Richard Brashears who had left his wife (Ann) who is the daughter of William Brocus, he was not to return. He left the FAlls or Rapids of Ohio with a brother and 25-30 americans. They went to Chickasaw bluffs but had to leave, he is at Chickasaws with 7 or 8 men and brother is with rest at Falls....
The four americans are James Garland, John Wilson, Robert mcGuinnes and David Withe

Another letter Jan 4, 1790...
Hardy Perry had been resident of Choctaws for 20 years, lived on Big Black (above Bayou Pierre)... many settlers are there now (hardy left)...Franchimastubbe wants presents and is threatening settlers

read the letter of Thomas James in 1792, he implies he lived among them along time...(the choctaws)

another where turnbull had passport to move horses and they suspected he sold them to americans because he had been a rebel in the am rev against spain (with Thomas James btw)

Another one (about 1792)... Franchimastabe had given Turner Brashears (funny spelling) his medals (american) to give to Spanish governor but Tloupou Nantla of Canlabatia in small part went to Cumberland with Payemingo and ogloulayacube of Chickasaws  along with 107 choctaws ... Turner and Franchimastubbee were going to mobile... then goes on about Small part chiefs..appear to be loyal to spain, especially chief of Kunchak called pooscouhe... Yazoo is Franchimastubbee's village, was where the writer was staying.. in small part he will stay with Favre who is employed by the king (franchimastubbe, his father in law)...favre lives four leagues from Franchimastubbee. september 5 1792   John delavillebeuvre agent for Spanish

Nxt letter, not much but says he's at boukvouca sept 10, 1792 at Faver's house...
Who are the talapousas, alot about them and killing folks...

Next letter, wants to arrest John Pitchlynn (funny spelling).. he's been supporting the americans.  Bad whites living among choctaws with wives supported by Choctaw...Talapoosas warn choctaws americans will sieze thie lands and enslave their women and children.. sept 12 1792

Payemingo and the King  of the Chickasaws are different folks, that  one is his brother (payemingo) also seen as paye mataha

1793, Franchimastubbee protests turnbull's store...ah, Franchimastubbee agreed to keep peace with the Creeks and Talapoosa's and the spanish told turnbull to stop trade.

1793, peace conference at long towns, Chickasaw nation, house of piamingo...tuscoonpoy Choctaw Chief gave peace belt from creeks to chickasaws..

toscoapotapo is principle chief of small part 1794...same letter mentions payahyma and puck (Apuckshunnubbee)  from octafalaya


over and over turner is confidant of franchimastubbee...

here is a list of the villages in 1794...ah..kunsha is in small part for the spanish...okay here is a letter from turner in 1794...yellow wood is dead. the lower towns are in mobile, upper towns  aren't, john pitchlynn george james and several others have gone to cumberland. I think he's also complaining about turnbull's trade, but it just mentions it hasn't stopped and needs to...
another letter... pooscoos and naholla mastubbe both mourning their wives.. something about jusan's mission  1794

Traders protesting trade at Nogales in 1794...
Janbatis John Battiest?
David Chota (Choate)
Enok Nelson
Turner Brashears
Phillip Hay
Lewis Ward
Mastang Fils
Loui Flos (louis Leflore)
Michelle (Michael Leflore?)
Loui Catens
Edward Rogers
John Hencock

here  is the letter that is mingopooscoos and his nephew nahollamastubbee...only two chiefs at anchaoula...large village...another letter with more info..nantla  occhanya houman.. brother promised a commission...he is the nephew of the little chief of the Kunsha's whose is coming with nahollamastubbee (also a nephew) to see him